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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the coffee we love. How exactly does it work?

Espresso is made by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to that of making drip coffee. However the pressure is the major difference.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you place in the espresso maker when making it. It disperses the water into the portafilter, and controls the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are specifically designed for temperature stability while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are built to control the lever. Some are a combination, like the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas since it provides multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see from the image above the group head is fitted with several notches. The portafilter is placed inside these notches, and then twist the head to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned in the notches to create a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for an exact placement of the portafilter, which is essential to ensure an efficient extraction.

In addition to allowing you to easily insert your portafilter, the group head is responsible to ensure that the temperature remains even. This is done by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket, making sure that the temperature is at the right level to extract the coffee. This is vital, because even a small difference in temperature can be the difference between a good and great espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, Rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines may degrade due to excessive use and insufficient cleaning. They also create mechanical complexity that can lead to a high price tag on even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump for brewing espresso. The drawback of this is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to the point of boiling and can result in excessive extraction. The machines also need to constantly rebuild their pressure in between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines utilize an rotary or vibrating pump, with a vibrating model using a vibrating disc to generate the pressure, and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both models can make excellent espresso, but the rotary pumps are quieter, and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the component that heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains ground espresso coffee machine beans and gets funnelled down into the cup. The steam is able to create enough pressure to push the grounds of the coffee through. This creates a layer crema on top. This is one of the main characteristics of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers. They differ in the kind of pump they use and the degree of heat that the brew is. There are many ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso coffee machine uk machines were steam type. They employed one boiler to create both steam and brew however, the pressure they could create was minimal - two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most commonly used espresso maker is a semi-automatic machine with an electric pump. These are the images people have when they think of an espresso maker. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself, but the pump regulates the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent combination of human control and mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically use a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the machine's temp control, as it prevents overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor, as it permits the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows beans to release their flavor and gives the chance for better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the best cheap espresso machine filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans as well as the extraction, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes espresso taste great. The grouphead, sometimes referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the device you put the coffee grounds into) is located when you're making buy espresso machines.

In a steam-driven espresso machines uk machine, hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. This is then pushed through the grounds at high pressure. These kinds of machines are typically less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to force the hot water through the grounds and are significantly more portable than electric steam-driven machines.