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Depression Treatment Advancements

Researchers are constantly striving to improve the treatment of depression. This special Research in Context feature will explore some of these breakthroughs in treatment for depression.

Psychotherapy can help ease depression symptoms by educating the person how to handle negative feelings and thoughts. Talk therapy can be performed one-on-one with a health professional or in a group setting.

Precision mental healthcare

Precision is the ability to be more precise or precise in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies. For mental health, this can mean many different approaches, from medications to psychotherapy. However most of these strategies tend to focus on the repercussions of the disorder instead of the root causes. This can result in treatments that do nothing more than reduce symptoms, but not address the root causes behind mental illness.

Fortunately, precision mental healthcare is rapidly advancing. It's a similar approach to that which has been used in other areas of healthcare that include continuous monitoring of important indicators into clinical practice (e.g. fever, ailment or blood pressure). It also involves combining different data sets and using machine-learning to assist physicians recognize the unique requirements of each patient and develop more effective treatments.

Precision psychiatry utilizes EEG to assess brain function and evaluate the ability of a patient to engage in cognitive behavioral therapy. A new class of drugs known as NMDA receptor inhibitors can reduce postpartum depression treatment symptoms by preventing the neurotransmitter, glutamate, from reaching specific brain cells. Another possible breakthrough is the use of pharmacogenetic testing to determine interactions between genes and drugs and to avoid adverse side effects.

In addition, a lot of companies are looking into digital precision psychiatry. This is a method that uses objective digital technologies to monitor patients remotely and collect real-time data that helps guide the treatment they receive. One example is that a company is leveraging artificial intelligence to track adherence and optimize dosages for patients suffering from depression. These solutions have the possibility of improving accessibility and effectiveness in mental healthcare and also enhancing adherence to treatment.

Digital precision psychiatry in particular, can help people with mental illness overcome obstacles to treatment, especially those who are employed. For example one Johnson & Johnson initiative in Singapore is partnering with organizations to aid in the reintegration of people recovering from depression back into their work and communities. This will help them keep their job, which is vital for the recovery of mental health.

Medication

Many people suffering from depression find that medication eases their symptoms. This is particularly true if the symptoms are acute or incapacitating. Antidepressants work to restore the balance of neurotransmitters which are chemical messengers in the brain that regulate mood and emotions. Most current antidepressants target one of these neurotransmitters, increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac and Zoloft boost the levels of the serotonin chemical in the brain. SNRIs, like Cymbalta and Effexor, are able to target both dopamine and norepinephrine and monoamine oxidase inhibiters such as Wellbutrin which targets only dopamine and norepinephrine.

Most doctors recommend antidepressants as a first form of treatment for depression, in conjunction with some kind of talk therapy. Some of these therapies include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which helps improve the quality of your thoughts and feelings by teaching specific skills, or psychotherapy for interpersonal relations (which is focused on improving relationships). Other therapies, like electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have also been proven to be effective in treating depression.

However, some people do not respond to the initial medication prescribed by doctors. A third of depressed patients do not get relief from the first medication they take and 40 percent of those who begin taking antidepressants discontinue them within three months. Recent research has enabled doctors to predict which medication is most effective for a person by using blood or MRI testing to determine which receptors have been most affected by depression.

The quality of medication has improved in recent years, with more options and better dosages that help reduce negative effects. For instance, antidepressants that are more recent like esketamine (Spravato), the brexanolone (Auvelity) and Nefazodone (Sertraline) help to quickly reduce depression symptoms by stimulating glutamate activity in the brain.

Other medications are in clinical trials that could change the method of their use. Vorapaxar, a drug which is currently being studied in humans, targets a specific brain region that's associated with depression, by blocking NMDA receptors. It's anticipated to be available by 2024. Another medication that has demonstrated potential is a combination bupropion and ketamine, which could be more effective in treating depression resistant to treatment.

Psychotherapy

Psychiatric researchers have been able to identify certain factors that cause depression, including problems with the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. These chemicals are essential in managing mood and emotions, as in the overall function of the brain. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are the main treatment options. They can alleviate many symptoms of depression, including fatigue, depressed feelings, and sleep problems. However, they can have negative side effects that could cause them to be unsuitable for certain people.

Psychotherapy can address the root causes and help individuals overcome depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy and ketonamine therapy are two forms of therapy that have been found to reduce depression symptoms. Additionally, psychotherapy can aid people in developing a healthy coping style and manage stressors. However, access to psychotherapy can be restricted by costs or scheduling restrictions, as well as a shortage of mental health professionals. The recent increase in telehealth services has improved access to some people.

Finding the right treatment mix is essential to overcome depression. Medication alone may not be enough to eliminate all your symptoms, and it may take between 6 and 12 weeks before you are able to tell whether a medication is effective. There are several nonpharmacologic treatment options, including transcranial magnet stimulation, which is a repetitive process, and vagus nervous stimulation. These treatments employ electromagnetic fields to boost mood and stimulate the brain's chemistry.

It is essential to be in close contact with your healthcare provider, whether you're looking to try medication or therapy. Talk openly about your feelings and thoughts, and discuss the advantages, risks, and side effects of each option. Find a practitioner who will meet your needs when you're having trouble building trust with your doctor or therapist. You can also choose a clinic that provides the opportunity to test their services for free. This allows you to experiment with different methods before committing. You'll eventually find the treatment that is most effective for you and makes you feel and look your most at your best.

Brain stimulation

In just a few short years scientists have discovered new ways to target specific brain areas and change their function rapidly. These methods can be used to treat depression and other mental disorders as well as a variety of physical diseases.

rTMS is a technique which employs electromagnetic pulses to stimulate brain activity. It's similar to magnetic impulses used in MRI however it's not powerful enough to trigger seizures. The technique works by stimulating a specific area of the head with a non-painful magnet. The pulses change the way your brain signals and make it easier to feel better. The treatment can last as little as 3.5 minutes and doesn't interfere with your normal activities. It is possible to experience a mild headache following the Treatment Resistant Depression Treatment.

Another treatment involves putting electrodes in the brain to send painful electric zaps. This treatment is also known as deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (deep TMS) and has been used for OCD and to stop smoking. It's still being studied for depression, but early studies suggest it can reduce depressive symptoms in certain people. It's unclear how this treatment works, but it does appear to alter the balance of certain neurotransmitters.

Other types of noninvasive brain stimulation are also advancing as well. In a recent study patients suffering from severe depression treatment residential and intolerance to antidepressants reacted well to a magnetic therapy called SAINT. It is personalized for each patient's brain anatomy, and uses high-dose magnetic pulse patterns. The treatment can be administered within a couple of hours, whereas previous treatments required daily sessions over weeks or months.

Researchers employed fMRI technology to pinpoint the exact brain area that was being stimulated by every patient. They also analyzed minute variations in the way that brain's different regions activated, which allowed them to determine the direction of signals. They found that the anterior cingulate cortical sent signals to the subgenual cortex in depressed people. However, these signals were often misdirected, and the more severe the depression, the more of these incorrect signals were.