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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely aware that different beans have distinct flavor profiles. Read on to learn about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor, and are often added to blends of beans to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of light roast coffee beans can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and the processing methods used to make it.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique coffees that can be used in many different methods of brewing. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's a bit of robusta as well.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of the two varieties to cut cost and maintain good quality coffee beans. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose the best quality beans from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal for home cultivation. Online, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is best to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-good quality coffee beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee beans to buy plants at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a less pronounced flavor and lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted kind of coffee beans wholesale suppliers beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were regarded as a separate light roast coffee beans plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are often used to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most well-known, and are renowned for having a more sweetness. They thrive in warm, tropical climates and high altitudes. They are slightly acidic. When properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee around the world. It is responsible for 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

After having learned about the four most popular types and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean or a blend comprised of robusta beans and arabica beans.