• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Attempts at theft of live 25 kV cables may end in the thief's death from electrocution. Maintenance costs of the lines may be increased by electrification, but many systems claim lower costs due to reduced wear-and-tear on the track from lighter rolling stock. Power gaps can be overcome in single-collector trains by on-board batteries or motor-flywheel-generator systems. Electric vehicles, especially locomotives, lose power when traversing gaps in the supply, such as phase change gaps in overhead systems, and gaps over points in third rail systems. Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. Electrification cost: electrification requires an entire new infrastructure to be built around the existing tracks at a significant cost. Electrification typically requires line closures while new equipment is being installed. The number of Radial wiring and Ring wiring installed in a Premises shall take into consideration future accessibility, maintainability, and safety of the system, whilst limiting the extent of power outage to serviced areas. This number is followed by the letter 'R' to indicate a receptacle or 'P' to indicate a plug.

There are a number of advantages including the fact there is no exposure of passengers to exhaust from the locomotive and lower cost of building, running and maintaining locomotives and multiple units. This also applies when bus routes with diesel buses are replaced by trolleybuses. Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades. The high power of electric locomotives also gives them the ability to pull freight at higher speed over gradients; in mixed traffic conditions this increases capacity when the time between trains can be decreased. The regenerative circuit revolutionized wireless radio communication because it could amplify weak radio signals without distortion, and it did so far more effectively than other radio receivers of the time. GUGLIELMO MARCONI - 1874-1937. Many people attribute the invention of radio to Marconi. These people take up their residence in the suburbs, though they may find their occupations in the crowded areas of the cities themselves. In theory, these trains could enjoy dramatic savings through electrification, but it can be too costly to extend electrification to isolated areas, and unless an entire network is electrified, companies often find that they need to continue use of diesel trains even if sections are electrified.

It’s rare to find a customer, especially one who signed up years ago and forgot about the monthly bill, to be able to recall exactly how much they’re paying each month. Having only one type of motive power also allows greater fleet homogeneity which can also reduce costs. If the entire network is electrified, diesel infrastructure such as fueling stations, maintenance yards and indeed the diesel locomotive fleet can be retired or put to other uses - this is often the business case in favor of electrifying the last few lines in a network where otherwise costs would be too high. Even on fully electrified networks, it is usually a good idea to keep a few diesel locomotives for maintenance and repair trains, for instance to repair broken or stolen overhead lines, or to lay new tracks. The overhead wires make the service "visible" even in no bus is running and the existence of the infrastructure gives some long-term expectations of the line being in operation. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time-consuming engine switches must occur to make such connections or expensive dual mode engines must be used.

Theft: the high scrap value of copper and the unguarded, remote installations make overhead cables an attractive target for scrap metal thieves. Each subsection is isolated from its neighbour by a section insulator in the overhead contact as shown in this picture below. When the shaft is depressed the hot contact moves down and touches the white light contact (white wire at bottom). When light hit the subject, that light would be reflected into a photoelectric cell, which then converted this light energy to electrical impulses. Surge protective devices are designed to reduce the random energy surges of voltage transients and electrical noise on the power supply line, which can damage sensitive electronics such as TVs, computers, and smart appliances. Such installations are in the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor in India where the wire height is at 7.45 m (24.4 ft) to accommodate double-stack container trains without the need of well-wagons. The increasing demand for container traffic, which is more efficient when utilizing the double-stack car, also has network effect issues with existing electrifications due to insufficient clearance of overhead electrical lines for these trains, but electrification can be built or modified to have sufficient clearance, at additional cost.

Here's more in regards to what is electric cable look at the web site.